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Tuesday April 13, 2004

Dragaeran Etymology

In Steven Brust's series of fantasy novels set in (on?) Dragaera, he occasionally has a bit of fun with his fictional and not-so-fictional languages. For example, the language of humans, pardon me, Easterners is real-world Hungarian. In The Phoenix Guards, he describes the origin of the name of a Dragaeran city, Bengloarafurd.

From pp. 249-250 of the paperback edition:

What followed was ten years of almost constant war between the Dragonlords of the Empire and the Easterners, during which the Easterners occupied the area and fought from the surrounding mountains. The Serioli, who departed the area to avoid any of the unfortunate incidents that war can produce, left only their name for the place, which was "Ben," meaning "ford" in their language. The Easterners called the place "Ben Ford," or, in the Eastern tongue, "Ben gazlo."

After ten years of fierce battle, the Imperial Army won a great victory on the spot, driving the Easterners well back into the mountains. The Dragonlords who had found the place, then, began calling it "Bengazlo Ford." The Dragons, wishing to waste as little time on speech as possible, shortened this to Benglo Ford, or in the tongue of the Dragon, which was still in use at the time, "Benglo ara." Eventually, over the course of the millenia, the tongue of the Dragon fell out of use, and the Northwestern language gained preeminence, which rendered the location Bengloara Ford, which was eventually shortened to Bengloarafurd. The river crossing became the Bengloarafurd Ford, which name it held until after the Interregnum when the river was dredged and the Bengloarafurd Bridge was built. Should anyone be interested in finding this delightful city, it still stands, but the city was renamed Troe after the engineer who built the bridge, either because the citizens were proud of their new landmark, or because the engineer's name was short.

The only flaw in this is that the variations of "ford" in the name are clearly English morphemes, but I'm willing to cut Brust some slack on this point. In stories that are supposed to be translated from other languages (as this one is), it's hard to convey puns and wordplay, so he's simply chosen to represent the modern Dragaeran language using English. Tolkien did the same thing in The Lord of the Rings with Westron, the "Common Speech", and that's enough of a precedent for me.

[Now playing: "Go!" by Tones on Tail]

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Comments

Why is English a "flaw" and Hungarian not?

Posted by: language hat at Apr 13, 2004 11:20:36 AM

Because English is the language the novel is written in (or "has been translated into", depending on which metafictional level you prefer). The language of the Easterners is foreign to the viewpoint character(s), and so to represent it Brust could have used any non-English language, real or imagined. (Using Hungarian was a bit of tongue-in-cheek Magyar chauvinism, I think.)

Having place names that are only partially translated just caught my attention when I was reading. Note that above, while I do suggest at first that it might be a flaw, I convince myself that it's OK because it's in the service of The Joke.

Posted by: The Tensor at Apr 13, 2004 1:54:16 PM

Someday, I'd like to re-read all of the books and take notes on all of the language stuff he puts in there.

Coming to mind at the moment are the hints that the Dragaeran houses once had their own languages -- or at least some of them. He mentions the Dragon language specifically, but there are other hints, like the hard-to-pronounce, house-specific name of a supporting character that appeared in one of the books (can't remember which now). It seemed to obey completel different phonological rules than most of the names in the Empire; the language that it originated from might not have even been closely related to the other Dragaeran languages.

Or, it could be that I'm thinking about this too hard.

In Lord of Castle Black, which I just finished reading, one of the characters (Morrolan, as I'm sure you remember if you've read it) remarks that the Dragaeran language uses symbols that can represent ten different sounds, whereas in the Eastern language characters represent only one sound.

There's also the gender-neutral singular pronoun gya, which someone whined about not having a good English equivalent to in a footnote somewhere.

Posted by: Chainik at Apr 16, 2004 12:55:42 PM

oh, oh, thank you for blogging this! I've read Phoenix Guards while I was on hiatus, so I couldn't blog it :) I especially like Brust's Serioli, which sometimes is Russian - and sometimes isn't; I wonder what the other language is that he uses for Serioli?

I have a Hungarian student (in my Russian class) who always complains about the gender distinctions in Russian. In Hungarian of course there's no grammatical gender, and o (with umlaut, which I cannot produce right now) is both 'he' and 'she'. Every time my student complains I am reminded of the conversation held between Paarfi and Brust (in "500 years later"?). I want to snicker, but it could be wrongly interpreted.

Posted by: Renee at Apr 16, 2004 6:13:04 PM

Hungarian chauvinism is no laughing matter. (paprika-infused glare) :)

Posted by: speedwell at Apr 19, 2004 9:12:45 AM

Ah ha! Amigo & colleague, I bookmark you!

See http://cracksandshards.com/languages.html

-- Dr. Whom, Consulting Linguist, Grammarian,
Orthoepist, and Philological Busybody
a.k.a. Mark A. Mandel

Posted by: Mark A. Mandel at Feb 14, 2005 8:10:23 PM

The discussion of Bengloarafurd Ford reminded me of Torpenhow Hill. As it probably was intended to. Had you not heard of that one?

Posted by: Almeda at Dec 20, 2006 9:21:37 PM

Yes, I have, and it was. See, specifically, the discussion of Bengloarafurd on my Dragaera webpage.

Posted by: Mark A. Mandel at Apr 13, 2007 1:38:56 PM

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